People who have applied for social housing and have had no offer despite waiting an inordinately long time (each region sets the time period).People in overcrowded or indecent accommodation, and who report the presence of minors or disabled people in the home.People in housing that is dangerous, unhealthy or unfit for habitation.People living in temporary accommodation for several months.People under threat of eviction without being rehoused.People deprived of housing (living on the streets, in hotels, in their cars, etc.).It is not however designed to address housing exclusion in its entirety, which currently affects about 4 million people in France (according to figures from the Abbé Pierre Foundation ).Īs such, those who are entitled to make an appeal under DALO include: The law creates categories of priority situations for allocating housing or accommodation. The law provides that people who have not managed to find housing even though they meet the criteria for accessing housing or accommodation, and who fall within the categories specifically outlined in the law (which relate to the most vulnerable people who must of course be prioritised by government policies on housing), can take legal action. In this way, the concept of ‘enforceability’ imbues the law with greater reach by creating an obligation of result (and not just an obligation of means) on the State, which is responsible for implementing the right to housing for all people suffering from exclusion. Slightly outside of the conventional legal meaning, the concept of ‘enforceability’ of the right to housing in particular – and social rights in general (such as the right to education in the past) – enables reiteration of a fundamental right identification of the authorities responsible for complying with and implementing this right and establishment of an appeals process so that citizens can invoke their right before a third party who can oblige the relevant authority to implement their rights (an independent committee and the judge in the case). For ten years, it has monitored application of the law, suggested proposals to the government and supported stakeholders in interpreting the law. A follow-up committee on application and implementation of the law was set up by the DALO law. Administrative and legal forms of redress became available to establish both the violation of this right and the ensuing responsibility of the State to guarantee and implement the right to housing. This law enabled a citizen in inadequate housing or deprived of housing to 'enforce’ their right to housing from the State. France was the second European country, after Scotland, to adopt a law that enforces the right to housing. Within a few short weeks, what is known as the ‘DALO’ law ( Droit au Logement Opposable/Enforceable right to housing) was adopted on 5 March 2007. Significant advocacy work combined with a favourable political climate led the French President to announce, at the beginning of 2007, the impending adoption of a major law to fight lack of housing and housing exclusion. As a result of this unfortunate situation (from the early years of this century), decisive action was taken by associations, supported by the HCLPD (High Committee on Housing for the Disadvantaged), calling for the recognition of an ‘enforceable’ right to housing. This has not, however, prevented the worsening of the housing exclusion and social exclusion situation. In France in the second half of the twentieth century, there was a move from the protection of housing rights, which involved regulating relations between tenants and landlords, to a right to housing which promotes access to housing for those who are excluded. The emergence of an ‘enforceable’ right to housing in France Jurislogement is a national network of lawyers, experts in the right to housing
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